/* ============== RESEARCH PAGE – ULTRA BEAUTIFUL & WORKING 2025 ============== */
.research-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 51, 102, 0.92), rgba(0, 30, 80, 0.88)),
              url('assets/slide2.jpeg') center/cover no-repeat;
  height: 50vh;
  min-height: 300px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: white;
  position: relative;
}

.hero-content h1 {
  font-size: 4.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin: 0;
  text-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
}

.subtitle {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin: 20px 0 40px;
  opacity: 0.95;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.hero-bar {
  width: 160px;
  height: 7px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #00ccff, white);
  margin: 0 auto;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 25px rgba(0,204255,0.8);
}


.faculty-top-header {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #dcdcdc 0%, grey 100%);
  /* background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 0%, #ff8c00 100%); */
  padding: 6px 24px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
  height: auto;
  min-height: 64px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.faculty-header-inner {
  max-width: 1180px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;     /* ← changed: items start from left */
  gap: 16px;                       /* controls distance between logo and text */
  width: 100%;
}

.faculty-logo img {
  height: 70px;
  width: 70px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: white;
  padding: 3px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
  flex-shrink: 0;                  /* prevents logo from shrinking */
}

.faculty-logo:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.08);
}

.faculty-info {
  color: white;
  text-align: left;                /* ← better when placed right after logo */
  flex: 0 1 auto;                  /* ← important: don't stretch, just take needed space */
  min-width: 0;
}

.faculty-info h1 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.1;
  /* text-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); */
  white-space: nowrap;             /* optional: prevents name from wrapping */
  color: #002e63;
}

.faculty-info p {
  font-size: 0.90rem;
  margin: 2px 0 0 0;
  line-height: 1.2;
  opacity: 0.95;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: maroon;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* ────────────────────────────────────────
   Responsive
───────────────────────────────────────── */

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .faculty-top-header {
    min-height: 60px;
    padding: 6px 20px;
  }
  .faculty-header-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .faculty-info {
    text-align: center;
  }
  .faculty-info h1 {
    font-size: 1.32rem;
  }
  .faculty-info p {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .faculty-top-header {
    min-height: 54px;
    padding: 5px 16px;
  }
  .faculty-logo img {
    height: 48px;
    width: 48px;
    padding: 3px;
  }
  .faculty-info h1 {
    font-size: 1.22rem;
  }
  .faculty-info p {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
  }
}

.navbar-rect {
  background: black;
  height: 65px;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}

.navbar-inner {
  max-width: 1480px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0 30px;
  background: black;
  border-radius: 12px;
  position: relative;
}

/* Logo */
.navbar-logo img {
  height: 68px;
  width: 68px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
  transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}
.navbar-logo:hover img { transform: scale(1.15); }

/* Hamburger Icon */
.hamburger {
  display: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;
  z-index: 1001;
}
.hamburger span {
  width: 32px;
  height: 3px;
  background: white;
  border-radius: 3px;
  transition: 0.3s;
}




/* Menu */
.navbar-menu {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  align-items: center;
  transition: all 0.4s ease;
}

.navbar-menu a,
.dropdown > .dropbtn {
  color: white;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1.1px;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.35s ease;
}

.navbar-menu a:hover,
.dropdown:hover > .dropbtn {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
  color: #a0f8ff;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* Dropdown */
.dropdown {
  position: relative;
}
.dropdown-content {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: #003366;
  min-width: 240px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
  margin-top: 12px;
  z-index: 9999;
  padding: 8px 0;
}
.dropdown-content a {
  display: block;
  padding: 14px 24px;
  color: white;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.dropdown-content a:hover {
  background: #0055aa;
  padding-left: 32px;
}
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content,
.dropdown.active .dropdown-content {
  display: block;
}

/* ================ MOBILE VIEW (≤992px) ================ */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .hamburger { display: flex; }

  .navbar-menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 55px;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background: #003366;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 20px 0;
    gap: 0;
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: max-height 0.5s ease;
  }

  .navbar-menu.active {
    max-height: 600px; /* enough for all items */
  }

  .navbar-menu a,
  .dropdown > .dropbtn {
    width: 90%;
    margin: 5px auto;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }

  .dropdown-content {
    position: static;
    display: none;
    background: #002244;
    width: 90%;
    margin: 10px auto;
    box-shadow: none;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }

  .dropdown.active .dropdown-content {
    display: block;
  }
}

/* Small phones */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .navbar-inner { padding: 0 15px; }
  .navbar-logo img { height: 58px; width: 58px; }
}








.courses_banner {
  background-color: #095ca3;              /* Classic NPTEL/IIT blue */
  background-size: cover;
  -webkit-background-size: cover;
  -moz-background-size: cover;
  -o-background-size: cover;
  min-height: 44px;                       /* ← smaller height */
  text-align: center;
  padding: 6px 0;                         /* ← reduced padding */
  border-radius: 12px;                    /* slightly softer corners */
  margin: 30px auto;                      /* ← less vertical spacing */
  /* max-width: 900px;                       */
   /* ← narrower box – change to 700px or 600px if you want it even smaller */
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}

.courses_banner h3 {
  color: white;
  font-size: 1.8rem;                      /* ← smaller title */
  font-weight: 800;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 4px 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1.5px;
  text-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}

/* Optional shine – kept but made faster & subtler */
.courses_banner::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: -100%;
  width: 50%;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255,255,255,0.12), transparent);
  transform: skewX(-25deg);
  border-radius: 12px;
             /* slower shine looks better on small banner */
}

@keyframes shine {
  0%   { left: -100%; }
  100% { left: 100%; }
}

/* Responsive – even smaller on mobile */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .courses_banner {
    min-height: 40px;
    margin: 35px 10px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    max-width: 95%;                       /* almost full-width on small screens */
  }
  .courses_banner h3 {
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
  }
}


/* ============== RESEARCH CARDS SECTION ============== */
.research-section {
  padding: 120px 5vw 160px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fbff 0%, #e8f4ff 100%);
}

.research-section .container {
  max-width: 1400px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(380px, 1fr));
  gap: 45px;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

.r-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-radius: 22px;
  padding: 40px 34px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 45px rgba(0,51,102,0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0,85,170,0.1);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.4s ease;
}

.r-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 5px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #003366, #0055aa, #00aaff);
  border-radius: 22px 22px 0 0;
}

.r-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-18px);
  box-shadow: 0 30px 70px rgba(0,51,102,0.22);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
}

.num {
  position: absolute;
  top: 20px;
  left: -12px;
  font-size: 7.5rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  color: rgba(0,51,102,0.07);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.r-card h3 {
  color: #003366;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  margin: 8px 0 18px 0;
  font-weight: 700;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.r-card p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
 
  color: #333;
  text-align: justify;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

/* Mobile Responsive */
@media (max-width: 868px) {
  .research-hero h1 { font-size: 3.4rem; }
  .subtitle { font-size: 1.4rem; }
  .research-section { padding: 80px 5vw; }
  .research-section .container { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 35px; }
  .r-card { padding: 34px 28px; }
  .num { font-size: 6rem; }
}